استعلامات وسائط CSS - أمثلة
استعلامات وسائط CSS - المزيد من الأمثلة
دعونا نلقي نظرة على بعض الأمثلة الأخرى لاستخدام استعلامات الوسائط.
تعد الاستعلامات عن الوسائط تقنية شائعة لتقديم ورقة أنماط مخصصة لأجهزة مختلفة. لتوضيح مثال بسيط ، يمكننا تغيير لون الخلفية لأجهزة مختلفة:
مثال
/* Set the background color of body to tan */
body {
background-color: tan;
}
/* On
screens that are 992px or less, set the background color to blue */
@media
screen and (max-width: 992px) {
body {
background-color: blue;
}
}
/* On screens that are 600px or less,
set the
background color to olive */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
body {
background-color: olive;
}
}
هل تتساءل لماذا نستخدم بدقة 992 بكسل و 600 بكسل؟ إنها ما نسميه "نقاط التوقف النموذجية" للأجهزة. يمكنك قراءة المزيد حول نقاط التوقف النموذجية في برنامجنا التعليمي لتصميم الويب سريع الاستجابة .
استعلامات الوسائط للقوائم
في هذا المثال ، نستخدم استعلامات الوسائط لإنشاء قائمة تنقل سريعة الاستجابة ، والتي تختلف في التصميم باختلاف أحجام الشاشات.
الشاشات الكبيرة:
الشاشات الصغيرة:
مثال
/* The navbar container */
.topnav {
overflow: hidden;
background-color: #333;
}
/* Navbar links */
.topnav a {
float:
left;
display: block;
color:
white;
text-align: center;
padding: 14px 16px;
text-decoration: none;
}
/* On screens that are 600px wide or less, make the menu links stack on top
of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
.topnav a {
float: none;
width:
100%;
}
}
استعلامات الوسائط للأعمدة
الاستخدام الشائع للاستعلامات عن الوسائط هو إنشاء تخطيط مرن. في هذا المثال ، نقوم بإنشاء تخطيط يتنوع بين أربعة ، وعمودين ، وأعمدة كاملة العرض ، اعتمادًا على أحجام الشاشة المختلفة:
Large screens:
Medium screens:
Small screens:
Example
/* Create four equal columns that floats next to each other */
.column {
float: left;
width: 25%;
}
/* On screens that are 992px
wide or less, go from
four columns to two columns */
@media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
.column {
width: 50%;
}
}
/* On screens that are
600px wide or less, make
the columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
.column {
width:
100%;
}
}
Tip: A more modern way of creating column layouts, is to use CSS Flexbox (see example below). However, it is not supported in Internet Explorer 10 and earlier versions. If you require IE6-10 support, use floats (as shown above).
To learn more about the Flexible Box Layout Module, read our CSS Flexbox chapter.
To learn more about Responsive Web Design, read our Responsive Web Design Tutorial.
Example
/* Container for flexboxes */
.row {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
/* Create four equal columns */
.column {
flex: 25%;
padding: 20px;
}
/* On screens that are 992px wide or less, go from
four columns to two columns */
@media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
.column {
flex: 50%;
}
}
/* On screens that are 600px wide or less, make
the columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
.row {
flex-direction: column;
}
}
Hide Elements With Media Queries
Another common use of media queries, is to hide elements on different screen sizes:
Example
/* If the screen size is 600px wide or less, hide the element */
@media
screen and (max-width: 600px) {
div.example {
display: none;
}
}
Change Font Size With Media Queries
You can also use media queries to change the font size of an element on different screen sizes:
Variable Font Size.
Example
/* If screen size is more than 600px wide, set the font-size of <div> to 80px */
@media screen and (min-width:
600px) {
div.example {
font-size: 80px;
}
}
/* If screen size is 600px wide, or less,
set the font-size of <div> to 30px */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
div.example {
font-size: 30px;
}
}
Flexible Image Gallery
In this example, we use media queries together with flexbox to create a responsive image gallery:
Example
Flexible Website
In this example, we use media queries together with flexbox to create a responsive website, containing a flexible navigation bar and flexible content.
Example
Orientation: Portrait / Landscape
Media queries can also be used to change layout of a page depending on the orientation of the browser.
You can have a set of CSS properties that will only apply when the browser window is wider than its height, a so called "Landscape" orientation:
Example
Use a lightblue background color if the orientation is in landscape mode:
@media only screen and (orientation:
landscape) {
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
}
Min Width to Max Width
You can also use the (max-width: ..) and (min-width: ..) values to set a minimum width and a maximum width.
For example, when the browser's width is between 600 and 900px, change the appearance of a <div> element:
Example
@media screen and (max-width: 900px) and (min-width: 600px) {
div.example {
font-size: 50px;
padding: 50px;
border: 8px solid black;
background: yellow;
}
}
Using an additional value: In the example below, we add an additional media query to our already existing one using a comma (this will behave like an OR operator):
Example
/* When the width is between 600px and 900px OR above 1100px
- change the appearance of <div> */
@media screen and (max-width: 900px) and (min-width:
600px), (min-width:
1100px) {
div.example {
font-size: 50px;
padding: 50px;
border: 8px solid black;
background: yellow;
}
}
CSS @media Reference
For a full overview of all the media types and features/expressions, please look at the @media rule in our CSS reference.
Tip: To learn more about responsive web design (how to target different devices and screens), using media query breakpoints, read our Responsive Web Design Tutorial.